how glutathione works for skin whitening by reducing melanin production, which helps lighten the skin and reduce pigmentation. It acts as an antioxidant, protecting the skin from oxidative damage, which can cause aging and ✨ Glutathione for pigmentation &

Bruno et al., 2006), especially in cases of oxidative stress or other antioxidant deficiencies (Traber and Atkinson, 2007)

Copper peptides have an affinity to skin cells and have been used to support healthy collagen production, skin elasticity, and the natural wound healing process

CE Capillary electrophoresis EM Electrochemical method EF Enhancement factor FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer GSH Glutathione GC-MS Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography LOD Limit of detection SP Spectrophotometry SAED Selected area electron diffraction SEIRA Surface-enhanced Infrared Absorption TEM Transmission Electron Microscope UV-vis Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

(12.1 1.1) were ~2- and ~2.6-fold higher than those (7.6 0.6 and 4.6 0.7) of the control mice, respectively, because of the significantly lowered hepatic GSH level in APAP-overdosed mice

Lee IH, Walker DI, Lin Y, Smith MR, Mandl KD, Jones DP, et al